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第154章 吃与被吃

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姜与记错了,那本《女权主义简史》她其实看过,虽然只看了绪论部分,她还用铅笔圈出了一些话:

--“When Woolf was writing in the 1920s,feminists had hardly begun to articulate,let alone address,women’s special problems:issues to do with childbirth and child- rearing,or the strain on women who had to combine housework and/or childcare with work outside the home.”

(女性面临着特殊问题:生育和养育孩子,以及应对既要做家务和/或照顾孩子又要外出工作的巨大压力。而在20世纪20年代伍尔夫写作时,女权主义尚未提出这些问题,更不用说解决这些问题。)

--“…in England,right up until 1960s at least,the word ’feminist’ was unusually pejorative. Very few women,however deeply engaged in fighting for women’s right,would have described themselves as “feminists.”

(…在英格兰,至少直到20世纪60年代,“女权主义者”通常都是个贬义词。鲜少有女性,无论她们如何深度投身于女性权利斗争,会自称为“女权主义者”。)

--“How often,still,do we hear women anxiously asserting ‘I’m not a feminist but…’

(至今,我们仍会频繁听到女性们急切地声明“虽然我不是女权……”。)

--“…one instead,with a hint of anxiety,that she took up her stand,certainly not because she was a feminist,or even because she was a woman,but because she was a human being.

(她们其中的一位,略显不安地表示,采取这样的立场绝对不是因为她是女权主义者,甚至也不是因为她是一个女人,而是因为她是一个人。)

--“When I recently asked some women in their early 20s - some of whom were university-educated,others working,and all,clearly,beneficiaries of earlier battles for women’s rights - whether they considered themselves feminists,or indeed had any interest in feminism,most of them replied,flatly,no…she argued,feminism has become “institutionalized”…it demands commitment,not simply to ideas,but to a generalized ideology.

(我近来问过一些20岁出头的年轻女性,这些女性当中有人受过高等教育,有人参与工作,显然都是早期女权运动的受益者,当我问她们是否认为自己是女权主义者,或是否对女权主义感兴趣时,大部分人都断然地回答了:不……她认为,女权主义已经被“制度化”了,它不仅要求忠实于某些思想,还要信奉一套笼统的意识形态。)

--Juliet Mitchell and Ann Oakley,for example,called their third collection of essays Who’s Afraid of Feminism?They argued that ’attacks on feminism frequently merge into a wider misogyny’;’the feminist’ is now the name given to the disliked or despised woman,much as ’man-hater’ or ’castrating bitch’,’harridan’ or ’witch’,were used before 1960s.They added that women also have to expose and eradicate the misogyny inherent in feminism itself.”

(英美的一些女权主义者例如Juliet Mitchell和Ann Oakley,将她们的第三本论文集取名为《谁在害怕女权主义?》。她们认为:对女权主义的攻击往往演变为更广泛的“厌女症”。“女权主义者”现在已经成了那些(在传统社会中)不受欢迎或备受鄙视的女性的代名词,这与20世纪60年代前的“恨男女”、“(剥夺阳刚之气的)阉割婊”、“更年期母夜叉”以及“女巫”等称呼如出一辙。她们还说,女性也需要揭露并根除女权主义自身固有的厌女传统。)

--“But though Virginia Woolf’s ’right to earn a living’ was,and remains,central to feminism,getting on for a century after she wrote it is clear that its attainment by no means solved all women’s problems. Women’s work - despite the much-publicized earnings of some high-fliers in the business world - remains lower paid;or,in the case of housework,not paid at all. ”

(虽然,伍尔夫所谓的“谋生权”曾是,并且目前仍是女权主义的中心内容,但在她写下这些话之后一个世纪过去了,获得谋生权显然并没能解决女性所面临的全部问题。尽管某些女性职场精英的高收入被广为宣传,女性在工作中得到的报酬依旧很低;而在家务方面,则完全没有报酬。)

绪论最后作者写道:“Perhaps these younger women will feel differently in ten yeas or so,when they find themselves juggling family,housework,and a job;perhaps they will find that they need to re-invent feminism to suit their own experience. But in a way,I hope they will not need to.”

(也许在未来10年左右,这些年轻的女性发现自己难以平衡家庭、家务和工作时会有一些不同的感受;也许她们会发现需要根据自身经历重新定义女权主义。但从某种程度上而言,我希望她们不必如此。)

这本书出版于2005年,时至今日,虽然更多人喊起了反美役反污名化的抗争口号,但谋生权依旧是女性权利的最核心课题,“Feminism”还远远没达成一个“过时的”可以“被消解”的“腐朽的”、“死掉的”词汇,它仍需不断被提起被传递被重新定义。因为无数女性仍在挣扎。

天边泛白,黎明曙光终于结束这个漫长的夜晚。

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